Relationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipid levels in 40-65 year-olds in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the mlationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipids among residents of 40-65 years old,in Guangzhou.Methods Dietary soy isoflavones and other nutrients intakes were assessed with quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),HDL cholesterol(HDL-C)and LDL cholesterol(LDL-C)in plasma were measured with colorimetry.Results Ranges of dietary soy isoflavones intake among 134 males and 261 females were fxom 0 mg/day to 61.96 mg/day and 0 mg/day to 82.52 mg/day,with means of 11.95 mg/day,14.90 mg/day,respectively.After adjusted for total energy intake and fat percent energy,difiefences of TC,LDL-C in total population and TC in women were statistically significant between groups(P value was 0.002,0.008,0.004,respectively) and dose-effect relationships(P value was <0.001.0.012.0.001,respectively)were observed between dietary soy isoflavones intake and the upper mentioned three indices.Compared with the low-intake group,tbese three indices lowered 7.06%,10.13%and 7.48%,respectively in high-intake group.Critical significance of LDL-C was observed both in women and men between groups.Further controlled for age,BMI and WHR,no obvious change of the results was observed.Conclusion Moderate intakes of soy isoflavone as part of a regular diet seemed to be associated with favorable blood lipid levels.

Interaction of the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene start codon with physical activity on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene start codon (Fok I) and bone mass accrual, and assessing if such an association could be modified by physical activity in Chinese adolescent girls.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 228 premenrche Chinese girls (9-11.5-years-old) were recruited for 2-year study. Bone mineral densities (BMD) at the total body, total left hip (including femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric and Ward's triangle area) and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The Fok I polymorphism of VDR gene was detected with PCR-RFLP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There remained 176 available subjects in our cohort when 2-year study was completed. No significant association was observed between Fok I polymorphism of VDR gene and percentage change in BMD at all sites. Girls with FF genotype had lower percentage change in total left hip BMD (THBMD) and femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) than girls with Ff + ff genotype only in low physical activity(< 1197 kJ/d), and physical activity was associated with percentage change in THBMD and FNBMD only in FF genotype group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Fok I polymorphism of VDR gene should have significant interaction effect with physical activity on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls. Girls with FF genotype in low physical activity would be the potential risk population for low bone mass accrual, and high physical activity would be of benefit to gain higher bone mass accrual for girls with FF genotype.</p>

Effect of interleukin-6 and calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene polymorphisms on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 228 premenarche Chinese girls (9-11.5 years) were recruited for a 2-year study. Bone mineral densities (BMD) and Bone mineral contents (BMC) in the total body, total left hip including femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter and Ward's triangle area, and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were measured by DEXA. The -634C/G polymorphism of IL-6 gene was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and A986S polymorphism of CASR gene was detected by allele-special mutagenically separated amplication-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 176 available subjects when the 2-year study was completed. The -634C/G polymorphism of IL-6 gene and A986S polymorphism of CASR gene were significantly associated with bone mass accrual after adjusting the potential confounding factors. Girls with CC genotype of IL-6 -634G/C gene had higher percentage of increase in BMD of total body (P= 0.027) and femoral trochanter (P= 0.028) than those with CG+ GG genotypes. Girls with AA genotype of CASR gene had greater percentage of increase in L1-L4 lumbar spine BMC (P= 0.022) and Ward's triangle area BMD (P= 0.049) than their AS+ SS counterparts. Subjects with G allele of IL-6 gene in combination with S allele of CASR gene had less increase in BMC of femoral neck and L1-L4 lumbar spine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adolescent girls carrying the G allele of IL-6 gene at -634C/G and S allele of CASR gene at A986S could potentially be the risk population of lower bone mass accrual.</p>

Relation between dietary patterns and insulin resistance in 40-59 years old Guangzhou adults / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the overall diet quality of adults in Guangzhou and investigate whether adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 540 adults aged 40-59 years completed 3 consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality were evaluated by using Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) scoring and evaluating system. Anthropometric parameters, fast glucose and fast insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was defined as the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DBI-Lower Bound Score (DBI-LBS), DBI-Higher Bound Score (DBI-HBS) and DBI-Diet Quality Distance (DBI-DQD) were 16.1-17.5, 7.6-8.2, 23.6-25.7 relatively. The intake of cereals, beans and dietary products were insufficient in the population, while the intake of animal food, salt and edible oils were excessive. Subjects in model A had a lower body mass index (BMI, P=0.022) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.001) than those in model E. Compared with model A, subjects in model E had greater odds ratio for insulin resistance (odds ratio: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.67).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dietary structure of the residents in Guangzhou was relatively balanced and reasonable, but the problems such as inadequate food intake and excessive food intake still co-exist. Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of insulin resistance.</p>

Study of effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 297 residents with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled in Guangzhou. The dietary composition and the changes in serum lipid levels during the 6-month follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 297 subjects were enrolled and 281 subjects (88 male, 193 female) completed the 6-month follow-up. The serum TC concentration of the subjects was (6.09+/-0.68) mmol/L at baseline. (2) According to the percentage of energy from total fat, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including total fat % en<25% (group I, 90 subjects), 25%-30% (group II, 97 subjects), >30% (group III, 94 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (3) According to the percentage of energy from SFA, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including SFA % en<7% (group I, 81 subjects), 7%-10% (group II, 129 subjects), >10% (group III, 71 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (4) All of the subjects were divided into three groups, according to the percentage of energy from MUFA, including MUFA % en<10% (group I, 93 subjects), 10%-13% (group II, 106 subjects), >13% (group III, 82 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group II was greater than that in group I and group III. (5) All of the subjects were divided into three groups according to the percentage of energy from PUFA, including PUFA % en<7% (88 subjects), 7%-9% (94 subjects), >9% (99 subjects). No significant difference was found among the reduction of serum lipids in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary total fat % en<or=30%, SFAs % en<or=10% and MUFAs % en 10%-13% should be conductive to reduce the serum lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia.</p>

Effects of soybean isoflavone on born metabolism and morphology in animal model of osteoporosis rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of soybean isoflavone (SI) on born metabolism and morphology in animal model of osteoporosis rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 70 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the levels of total cholesterol (TC) in serum: hyper-lipoid group, estrogen group, low-dose SI group, middle-dose SI group, high-dose SI group, sham group and normal control groups. Bilateral ovaries were extirpated except sham and normal control groups. Except the rats in normal control group, the other rats were fed with high fat diet. Body weight was weighted ad unam vice per week. The estrogen, different dose of SI or deionized water were fed with intragastric administration for 12 weeks. Vena caudalis serum were collected after being ovariectomized, administered for 4 w, 8 w and killed. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and bone density were measured etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>To interfere of estrogen and SI might recover AKP enzyme activity after its being ovariectomized. There almost sowed no differences between high dose SI intervention and estrogen on bone density and microstructure. Bone loss due to being ovariectomized was relieved after SI intervention. SI might protect cardiocyte myofilament and mitochondrial ultramicrostructure. There was mirror image in estrogen, high dose SI group resembling the normal control group, and there was obvious damage in hyper-lipoids group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There should be effects of high dose SI on bone metabolism and morphology in animal model of osteoporosis rats. Serum AKP enzyme activity and bone density should have significantly recovered, the serum level of calcium and phosphorus were maintained after high dose intervened but no significant effects for low dose of SI.</p>

Association of physical activity with bone mass in premenarche Chinese girls / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association of physical activity with bone mass in premenarche girls.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the whole body, femoral neck, Ward triangle and L1-L4 spine were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 194 premenarche girls (10 +/- 1, year). Physical activity and dietary calcium intakes were assessed by using frequency questionnaire and diary.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was found that BMD and BMC were significantly and positively associated with weight-bearing physical activities (WBPA) (P < 0.01), total physical activities (TPA) (P < 0.01) rather than non-weight-bearing physical activity (P > 0.05) at all the studied bone sites (P < 0.01). Both BMC and BMD were tending to a better increase of WBPA. When WBPA increases from 227 to 415 (kcal/d), mean BMC and BMD were increased in 17.5%-29.0% and 8.8%-17.1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It should be helpful for premenarche girls to improve bone mass by increasing physical activities, especially weight-bearing physical activities.</p>